Juniper Consultancy Services

Publications of Juniper Consultancy Services Limited

for the Waste, Environmental and Bio-energy Sectors

Fuel Cell

Fuel Cell technology can produce heat and electricity efficiently from hydrogen in an electrochemical cell. Over the past decade, fuel cells have been looked upon as a possible alternative to conventional fossil fuel combustion in response to the growing concern over anthropogenic climate change.

Juniper’s particular expertise in gasification and pyrolysis of solid wastes for power generation has led to several studies on integrated gasification and fuel cell technologies. Coupling biomass gasification with fuel cells offers the potential of providing a source of clean, renewable power especially in rural regions with significant quantities of waste biomass and animal manure.

Juniper has undertaken several projects reviewing the commercial potential of a variety of fuel cell applications for private companies and public sector entities in North America and throughout Europe.

There are several fuel cell technologies available which operate under a wide range of conditions.

High Temperature
High Temperature fuel cells offer the greatest degree of fuel diversity and thus the greatest potential for large scale stationary power generation and integration with gasification
SOFCs MCFCs
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
Major Fuel Cell Developers (High Temperature) include
Siemens
Westinghouse
Fuel Cell Energy
Mid Temperature
PAFCs
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
Major Fuel Cell Developers (Mid Temperature) include
UTC Fuel Cells
Electrochem Inc.
Low Temperature
These technologies are targeted at small scale power generation and transportation. Low temperature fuel cells require a relatively pure hydrogen stream, but tend to offer highter power densities, faster start-up and smaller plant footprints.
PEM AFCs
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells Alkaline Fuel Cells
Major Fuel Cell Developers (Mid Temperature) include
Plug Power
Ballard
Astris Energi


Reliable integration with a fuel cell requires stringent gas cleaning. Nevertheless, as capital costs of fuel cells continue to decline, biomass derived hydrogen would offer a competitive alternative particularly in regions with large quantities of waste feedstocks. With storage and transportation costs of hydrogen still high, generating hydrogen at or near the source of use from available biomass resources is beneficial.

Juniper’s expertise in market analysis and familiarity with gas cleaning and gasification processes allows us to critically examine feasible pathways for integrated gasification fuel cell schemes in a variety of markets.

The Hydrogen Economy
A successful commercialisation of fuel cell technology requires a pure and affordable source of hydrogen. As virtually no natural reservoirs are available, hydrogen must be extracted from fossil fuels or from water, or captured as an industrial by-product. Alternatively, gasification and digestion of organic solid wastes can be utilized to produce a gas, which can be upgraded to a hydrogen fuel suitable for fuel cell applications. Several such processes have been demonstrated successfully with landfill and sewage sludge digestion gases.

Case Study

Juniper was asked by a North American Public Authority to undertake a market study to assess the feasibility of various technologies utilising waste biomass for the production of a hydrogen fuel suitable for use with fuel cell technologies.

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Juniper Consultancy Services Limited,
Tel +44 1453 860750 Fax +44 1453 860882 Email: info@juniper.co.uk
Registered office: Sheppards Mill, South Street, Uley, Gloucestershire GL11 5SP, England
Company registration number: 2580687
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